Answer Key Conjunctions Exercise (page 91-92)

Part A

1. because   2. unless   3. and    4. so   

5. unless     

6. when     7. but     8. because     9. so    10. because

 

Part B

1. although     2.although    3. or     4. so     5. but

6. unless    7. and      8. until      9.because     10. since

 

Parts C are depending on your own ideas

Conjunctions Exercise

Q1 - Wait here ____ I get back.

as soon as
until
Either could be used here.

Q2 - I'll visit you ____ I have time.

when
whenever
Either could be used here.

Q3 - We'll be ready ___ the time you get back.

by
before

Q4 - We'll leave ____ we're ready.

as soon as
when
Either could be used here.

Q5 - I'll be glad ____ it's finished.

when
before

Q6 - We must finish it ____ we leave.

before
until
Either could be used here.

Q7 - I hurt myself ____ I was playing tennis.

whenever
while
Either could be used here.

Q8 - I'll give her the message ____ she arrives.

a moment
the moment

Q9 - I'll be ready when she ____.

arrives
will arrive

Q10 - I'll only pay you ____ you finish the work.

if
unless
Either could be used here.

Q11 - We turned back _____ it was raining.

because
because of

Q12 - _____ I was tired, I managed to finish the work.

Although
But
Yet

Q13 - I was tired, ____ I managed to finish the work

although
but

Q14 - I did it while he ____ away.

was
was being

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answer key “Conjunction quiz”

1. until

2. Either could be used here.

3. by

4. Either could be used here.

5. when

6. before

7. while

8. arrives

9. if

10. because

11. Although

12. Although

13. but

14. was

Conjunctions

A conjunction is a word that "joins". A conjunction joins two parts of a sentence.

Here are some example conjunctions:

Coordinating Conjunctions	Subordinating Conjunctions
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so	although, because, since, unless

We can consider conjunctions from three aspects.

Form

Conjunctions have three basic forms:

• Single Word
  for example: and, but, because, although
• Compound (often ending with as or that)
  for example: provided that, as long as, in order that
• Correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective)
  for example: so...that

Function

Conjunctions have two basic functions or "jobs":

• Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses, for example:
  - Jack and Jill went up the hill.
  - The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming.
• Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main clause, for example:
  - I went swimming although it was cold.

Position

• Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
• Subordinating conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the subordinate clause.

In this lesson we will look in more detail at:

• Coordinating Conjunctions
• Subordinating Conjunctions

 

Answer Key Preposition Exercise (page 89-90)

 

Part A

1. on    2.  for    3.  for   4. at    5.  in   6. on

7. in    8. on   9. at    10. in    11. for    12. in

 

 

Part B

1. after  2. during 3. in 4. on 5. in 6. on

7. in 8. in 9. at 10. on 11. on 12. before

 Prepositions Exercise


1.I get up seven the morning weekdays. I go to work tram.
2.I take care my son. My son is similar me. He’s quite different my wife.
3.China has agreed participate the global economic forum.
4.My wife spent the milk money cigarettes.
5.There has been a slight decrease gas prices lately.
6.In the beginning, Lillian was not accustomed working in such a big company.
7.My favorite Chinese philosopher is Chuang-tzu. Most Westerners have never heard him.
8.John’s wife accused him cheating. She thinks he is bored her.
9.My boss told me to finish the report 5 pm. After that, I could go vacation.
10.Kate apologized her son’s poor behavior.
11.If you’ve got a problem, then do something it!
12.Everyone the HR department was surprised the news.
13.Paul is very good telling jokes. He reminds me his father.
14.I’m not familiar this neighborhood.
15.If I had to choose going to heaven or hell, I’d choose heaven.









Answer key

1. at, in, on, by
2. of, to, from/than
3. to, in
4. on
5. in
6. to
7. of
8. of, with/of
9. by, on
10. for
11. about
12. in, by
13. at, of
14. with
15. between

What is a Preposition?

A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition.

A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence as in the following examples:

The book is on the table.

The book is beneath the table.

The book is leaning against the table.

The book is beside the table.

She held the book over the table.

She read the book during class.

In each of the preceding sentences, a preposition locates the noun "book" in space or in time.

A prepositional phrase is made up of the preposition, its object and any associated adjectives or adverbs. A prepositional phrase can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. The most common prepositions are "about," "above," "across," "after," "against," "along," "among," "around," "at," "before," "behind," "below," "beneath," "beside," "between," "beyond," "but," "by," "despite," "down," "during," "except," "for," "from," "in," "inside," "into," "like," "near," "of," "off," "on," "onto," "out," "outside," "over," "past," "since," "through," "throughout," "till," "to," "toward," "under," "underneath," "until," "up," "upon," "with," "within," and "without."

Each of the highlighted words in the following sentences is a preposition:

The children climbed the mountain without fear.

In this sentence, the preposition "without" introduces the noun "fear." The prepositional phrase "without fear" functions as an adverb describing how the children climbed.

There was rejoicing throughout the land when the government was defeated.

Here, the preposition "throughout" introduces the noun phrase "the land." The prepositional phrase acts as an adverb describing the location of the rejoicing.

The spider crawled slowly along the banister.

The preposition "along" introduces the noun phrase "the banister" and the prepositional phrase "along the banister" acts as an adverb, describing where the spider crawled.

The dog is hiding under the porch because it knows it will be punished for chewing up a new pair of shoes.

Here the preposition "under" introduces the prepositional phrase "under the porch," which acts as an adverb modifying the compound verb "is hiding."

The screenwriter searched for the manuscript he was certain was somewhere in his office.

Similarly in this sentence, the preposition "in" introduces a prepositional phrase "in his office," which acts as an adverb describing the location of the missing papers?

 

Answer key  Pronouns Exercise 2 (page 88)

 

Part A

 

1. Underline at her

 

2. Underline at her, her

 

3. Underline at he

 

4. Underline at he, his

 

5. Underline at her

 

Part B

 

1. her   2. his    3. his

 

4. they  5. their

Kind of Pronouns

The term 'pronoun' covers many words, some of which do not fall easily under the description given in the section What are Pronouns? There are many different kinds of pronouns. In general, these do not cause difficulties for native English speakers. The list below is mainly for reference purposes.

Demonstrative Pronouns

These pronouns are used to demonstrate (or indicate). This, that, these and those are all demonstrative pronouns.

Examples:

This is the one I left in the car.
(In this example, the speaker could be indicating to a mobile phone, in which
case, the pronoun "this" replaces the words "mobile phone".)

Shall I take those?

Indefinite Pronouns

Unlike demonstrative pronouns, which point out specific items, indefinite pronouns are used for non-specific things. This is the largest group of pronouns. All, some, any, several, anyone, nobody, each, both, few, either, none, one and no one are the most common.

Example:

Somebody must have seen the driver leave.
(somebody - not a specific person)
We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars. (Oscar Wilde)
I have nothing to declare except my genius. (Oscar Wilde)

Interrogative Pronouns

These pronouns are used in questions. Although they are classified as pronouns, it is not easy to see how they replace nouns. Who, which, what, where and how are all interrogative pronouns.

Example:

Who told you to do that?

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns are used to show possession. As they are used as adjectives, they are also known as possessive adjectives. My, your, his, her, its, our and their are all possessive pronouns.

Have you seen her book?
(In this example, the pronoun "her" replaces a word like "Sarah's".)

Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns are used to add more information to a sentence. Which, that, who (including whom and whose) and where are all relative pronouns.

Examples:

Dr Adam Sissons, who lectured at Cambridge for more than 12 years, should
have known the difference.
(In this example, the relative pronoun "who" introduces the clause "who studied
at Cambridge for 12 years" and refers back to "Dr Adams Sissons".)

The man who first saw the comet reported it as a UFO.
(In this example, the relative pronoun "who" introduces the clause "who first
saw the comet" and refers back to "the man".)

Absolute Possessive Pronouns

These pronouns also show possession. Unlike possessive pronouns (see above), which are adjectives to nouns, these pronouns sit by themselves. Mine, yours, his, hers, ours and theirs are all absolute possessive pronouns.

Examples:

The tickets are as good as ours.

Shall we take yours or theirs?

Reciprocal Pronouns

Reciprocal pronouns are used for actions or feelings that are reciprocated. The two most common reciprocal pronouns are each other and one another.

Examples:

They like one another.

They talk to each other like they're babies.

Reflexive Pronouns

A reflexive pronoun ends ...self or ...selves and refers to another noun or pronoun in the sentence. The reflexive pronouns are: myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves and themselves.

Example:

John bakes all the bread himself.
(In this example, the reflexive pronoun "himself" refers back to the noun "John".)

Answer key Pronouns (Page83-84)

Part A

1. It      8.  you    

2. myself     9. they, themselves    

3.  He     10. they    

4. It     11.  its    

 5.  his    12. he, him        

6. she    13.  herself      

7.  yours        14. who

Pronouns Exercises 1) is dreaming. (George)

2) is green. (the blackboard)

3) are on the wall. (the posters)

4) is running. (the dog)

5) are watching TV. (my mother and I)

6) are in the garden. (the flowers)

7) is riding his bike. (Tom)

8) is from Bristol. (Victoria)

9) has got a brother. (Diana)

10) Have got a computer, Mandy Exercise keys 1) He is dreaming. 2) It is green. 3) They are on the wall. 4) It is running. 5) We are watching TV. 6) They are in the garden. 7) He is riding his bike. 8) She is from Bristol. 9) She has got a brother. 10) Have you got a computer, Mandy?

Pronouns

A pronoun is often defined as a word which can be used instead of a noun. For example, instead of saying John is a student, the pronoun he can be used in place of the noun John and the sentence becomes He is a student. We use pronouns very often, especially so that we do not have to keep on repeating a noun. This chapter is about the kind of pronoun called a personal pronoun because it often refers to a person. Like nouns, personal pronouns sometimes have singular and plural forms (I-we, he-they).

Unlike nouns, personal pronouns sometimes have different forms for masculine/male, feminine/female and neuter (he-she-it). Also unlike nouns, personal pronouns have different forms depending on if they act as subjects or objects (he-him, she-her). A subject is a word which does an action and usually comes before the verb, and an object is a word that receives an action and usually comes after the verb. For example, in the sentence Yesterday Susan called her mother, Susan is the subject and mother is the object. The pronoun she can be used instead of Susan and the pronoun her can be used instead of mother. The form of a personal pronoun also changes according to what person is referred to. Person is used here as a grammar word and means:
1st person or the self (I, me, we),
2nd person or the person spoken to (you),
3rd person or the person spoken about (he, she, him, her, they, them).

There is also a possessive form of the pronoun. Just as we can make a noun possessive as in the sentence That is my father's book to mean That is the book of my father, we can make the pronoun possessive and say That book is his. There are possessive adjective forms (such as my, your, his, her etc.) that are discussed with other adjectives in chapter 4. Possessive pronouns can stand by themselves without nouns, but possessive adjectives, like other adjectives, are used together with nouns.

There is also an intensive form of the pronoun which intensifies or emphasizes the noun that it comes after as in the sentence I myself saw him. The reflexive form of the pronoun looks exactly like the intensive form but is used when the subject and object of a verb refers to the same person as in the sentence I saw myself in the mirror.