Adverbs

An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, or a clause. An adverb indicates manner, time, place, cause, or degree and answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," "how much".

While some adverbs can be identified by their characteristic "ly" suffix, most of them must be identified by untangling the grammatical relationships within the sentence or clause as a whole. Unlike an adjective, an adverb can be found in various places within the sentence.

In the following examples, each of the highlighted words is an adverb:

The seamstress quickly made the mourning clothes.

In this sentence, the adverb "quickly" modifies the verb "made" and indicates in what manner (or how fast) the clothing was constructed.

The midwives waited patiently through a long labour.

Similarly in this sentence, the adverb "patiently" modifies the verb "waited" and describes the manner in which the midwives waited.

The boldly spoken words would return to haunt the rebel.

In this sentence the adverb "boldly" modifies the adjective "spoken."

We urged him to dial the number more expeditiously.

Here the adverb "more" modifies the adverb "expeditiously."

Unfortunately, the bank closed at three today.

In this example, the adverb "unfortunately" modifies the entire sentence.

Conjunctive Adverbs

You can use a conjunctive adverb to join two clauses together. Some of the most common conjunctive adverbs are "also," "consequently," "finally," "furthermore," "hence," "however," "incidentally," "indeed," "instead," "likewise," "meanwhile," "nevertheless," "next," "nonetheless," "otherwise," "still," "then," "therefore," and "thus." A conjunctive adverb is not strong enough to join two independent clauses without the aid of a semicolon.

The highlighted words in the following sentences are conjunctive adverbs:

The government has cut university budgets; consequently, class sizes have been increased.

He did not have all the ingredients the recipe called for; therefore, he decided to make something else.

The report recommended several changes to the ways the corporation accounted for donations; furthermore, it suggested that a new auditor be appointed immediately.

The crowd waited patiently for three hours; finally, the doors to the stadium were opened.

Batman and Robin fruitlessly searched the building; indeed, the Joker had escaped through a secret door in the basement.

 

Adjective Exercise 

Fill in the ADJECTIVES in each sentence.
shiny, purple, white, third, amazing, chocolate, huge, five, new, small

1. Which of the ______ kids do you think will make the cheerleading team?

2. Alex only played in the ______ quarter of the soccer game.

3. Can you buy _______ cookies when you go to the grocery store?

4. Samantha did an ________ routine on the balance beam today.

5. Kyle saw three ________ green snakes on the nature walk.

6. There were ________ snowflakes tickling their cold noses.

7. I got ________ candy bars and three lollipops for Halloween.

8. I love the stuffed _______ elephant I got for Christmas.

9. Carlos sure can play that _______ new trumpet of his.

10. Do you like the poodle________ or the black lab the best?







Answer Key:

1. Which of the newkids do you think will make the cheerleading team?

2. Alex only played in the thirdquarter of the soccer game.

3. Can you buy chocolatecookies when you go to the grocery store?

4. Samantha did an amazingroutine on the balance beam today.

5. Kyle saw three smallgreen snakes on the nature walk.

6. There were hugesnowflakes tickling their cold noses.

7. I got five candy bars and three lollipops for Halloween.

8. I love the stuffed purpleelephant I got for Christmas.

9. Carlos sure can play that shinynew trumpet of his.

10. Do you like the white poodle or the black lab the best?

Adjective

Adjectives are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence. The Articles — a, an, and the — are adjectives.

·         the tall professor

·         the lugubrious lieutenant

·         a solid commitment

·         a month's pay

·         a six-year-old child

·         the unhappiest, richest man

If a group of words containing a subject and verb acts as an adjective, it is called an Adjective Clause. My sister, who is much older than I am, is an engineer. If an adjective clause is stripped of its subject and verb, the resulting modifier becomes an Adjective Phrase: He is the man who is keeping my family in the poorhouse.

2.1 Article Exercise (Page.74-75)

Part A

1. the, the  2. a  3. a 4. a, a, a ,the, the ,the

5. the, an 6. the, a 7. the, the, the, the 8. a

9. the 10. the, the 11. a  12. a

Part B

1.  No article , No article    2. the     3. No article , No

article

4. a    5. a , the    6. No article   7. the   8. the

9. No article    10. the , the , a , a , the

Exercise : Articles Exercise

blank if no article is needed.

1. I want ____ apple from that basket.
2. ____ church on the corner is progressive.
3. Miss Lin speaks ____ Chinese.
4. I borrowed ____ pencil from your pile of pencils and pens.
5. One of the students said, "____ professor is late today."
6 Eli likes to play ____ volleyball.
7. I bought ____ umbrella to go out in the rain.
8. My daughter is learning to play ____ violin at her school.
9. Please give me ____ cake that is on the counter.
10. I lived on ____ Main Street when I first came to town.
11. Albany is the capital of ____ New York State.
12. My husband's family speaks ____ Polish.
13. ____ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
14. ____ ink in my pen is red.
15. Our neighbors have ____ cat and ____ dog.

 

Answer : Articles Exercise

Correct answers are in bold.

1. I want an apple from that basket.
2. The church on the corner is progressive.
3. Miss Lin speaks Chinese. (no article needed)
4. I borrowed a pencil from your pile of pencils and pens.
5. One of the students said, "The professor is late today."
6. Eli likes to play volleyball. (no article needed)
7. I bought an umbrella to go out in the rain.
8. My daughter is learning to play the violin at her school.
9. Please give me the cake that is on the counter.
10. I lived on Main Street when I first came to town. (no article needed)
11. Albany is the capital of New York State. (no article needed)
12. My husband's family speaks Polish. (no article needed)
13. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
14. The ink in my pen is red.
15. Our neighbors have a cat and a dog.

  About "Article"  An article is a kind of adjective which is always used with and gives some  information about a noun. There are only two articles a and the, but they are used very often and are important for using English accurately. The word a (which becomes an when the next word begins with a vowel - a, e, i, o, u) is called the indefinite article because the noun it goes with is indefinite or general. The meaning of the article a is similar to the number one, but one is stronger and gives more emphasis. It is possible to say I have a book or I have one book, but the second sentence emphasizes that I do not have two or three or some other number of books.  The word the is known as the definite article and indicates a specific thing. The difference between the sentences I sat on a chair and I sat on the chair is that the second sentence refers to a particular, specific chair, not just any chair. Many nouns, especially singular forms of countable nouns which you will learn about later, must have an article. In English, it is not possible to say I sat on chair without an article, but a demonstrative or possessive adjective can be used instead of an article as in the sentences I sat on that chair and I sat on his chair. Whenever you see an article, you will find a noun with it. The noun may be the next word as in the man or there may be adjectives and perhaps adverbs between the article and the noun as in the very angry, young man. Review this lesson as many times as you want, and when you are ready, take the pop quiz on this chapter.

Take a moment to listen to this video.

Visual stimulus Comprehension ( P.70 Balloon)

1.      Answer : Parachute valve

2.      Answer : Skirt

3.     Answer : Skirt

4.     Answer : Parachute valve cord

5.     Answer : Gores

6.     Answer : Wicker Basket

7.     Answer : Burners

8.     Answer : Propane Tanks